Ebola: Symptoms, treatment, and causes
This Gut Fungi Can Trigger Your Immune System, Making COVID Infection Worse Than Before
Fungi play a crucial role in maintaining the delicate balance of the human microbiome, contributing to overall health. However, disruptions in this balance, especially during infections, can lead to severe health consequences.
When faced with the COVID-19 pandemic, experts like immunologist Iliyan Iliev from Weill Cornell Medical School were particularly concerned about the potential impact of fungal infections on patients.
Bridging the Gap Between Fungal Imbalance and Prolonged Immune Response
In a research published in Nature Immunology, Iliyan D. Iliev and his team uncovered a usual link between severe COVID-19 cases and an imbalance in gut fungi.
When they analyzed the blood samples from COVID-19 patients, they discovered heightened levels of antibodies against specific gut fungi, indicating fungal overgrowth. This imbalance triggered a prolonged immune response, contributing to respiratory symptoms and prolonged inflammation in severe cases.
Related Article: COVID Not Linked to Increased Asthma Risk in Children: New Study
The Microbiome as a Rainforest
Immunologist Ken Cadwell likens the microbiome to a rainforest ecosystem. Disruptions, akin to cutting down trees or introducing invasive species, can throw the system out of balance. Similarly, an imbalance in gut fungi during COVID-19 can lead to dysregulation of the immune response, exacerbating the severity of the infection.
Unveiling the Mechanism: Neutrophils and Immune ActivationFurther investigations revealed an increase in specific immune cells, neutrophils, in severe Covid patients. These neutrophils, primed by fungal overgrowth, contributed to prolonged inflammation characteristic of the disease. Treatment with antifungal drugs reduced neutrophil levels, highlighting the role of fungal imbalance in immune activation.
Long-Term Implications: Immune Reprogramming and Future RisksRemarkably, even after the resolution of COVID-19, patients exhibited long-lasting immune changes. As per WIRED, stem cells became adapted to target fungi, potentially priming the body for exaggerated responses to future fungal threats. This immune reprogramming poses questions about the long-term health implications for Covid survivors.
Insights and Future Directions: Personalized Medicine and BeyondThe intricate interplay between the gut microbiome and the immune system opens avenues for personalized medicine. Monitoring fungal antibodies in Covid patients may identify individuals who could benefit from antifungal treatments. However, indiscriminate use of antibiotics or antifungals may disrupt microbiome balance, underscoring the need for targeted therapies.
The research by Iliev and his team gives us an idea about the complex relationship between the gut microbiome, fungal imbalance, and immune activation during severe COVID-19. Personalized approaches to immune modulation may pave the way for improved outcomes in COVID-19 management and beyond.
In other news, researchers discovered that a certain bacteria can feed in the serum of human blood, When this happens, this can lead to an infection-a life-threatening condition known as sepsis.
Read Also: Long-Term Impact: Two-Thirds of Severe COVID Survivors Struggle Year After Infection
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8 Best Yeast Infection Treatments: OTC, Creams, Pills, And More
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The best yeast infection treatments are often available over-the-counter (OTC). We cover the best options including creams, pills, and vaginal suppositories.
Which over-the-counter treatments are most safe and effective?
"Most topical over-the-counter treatments (azols like monistat and Terazol) are equally effective and use of 1, 3 or 7 day therapy should be based on cost, availability and patient preference." — Valinda Nwadike MD, MPH
We considered many prescription and OTC yeast infection treatments before choosing our favorites. All of our top picks have scientific evidence of their effectiveness.
However, do not use these as a substitute for medication. People should contact a doctor immediately if these remedies do not relieve symptoms.
Fluconazole is a generic version of the prescription pill Diflucan, which people can take to treat yeast infections.
People need to take a single pill first. If symptoms do not improve after 2 days, they can take a second pill.
Online pharmacies, such as Wisp, offer quick delivery of fluconazole. Wisp can also provide same-day or rushed prescriptions to a person's local pharmacy.
A one-time purchase costs $65, while a quarterly subscription costs $15 a month.
Read our review of Wisp.
Wisp offers subscriptions for people who regularly have yeast infections. The pharmacy accepts FSA and HSA cards as payment.
This product may be most suitable for people who regularly develop yeast infections or when creams have not worked.
Pros & consThe makers of Uqora Promote say the product promotes vaginal health rather than specifically targeting yeast infections.
It contains Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. Acidophilus), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. Rhamnosus), and Lactobacillus reuteri, which the company claims can help balance vaginal bacteria.
Some research suggests Lactobacilli, such as L. Acidophilus and L. Rhamnosus, show promise in preventing vaginal infections.
The company recommends taking this supplement daily with a glass of water.
Uqora Promote may be suitable as a preventive treatment for people who regularly get yeast infections. It is vegan-friendly and gluten-free, meaning it may also suit people following certain diets.
Read our review of Uqora.
BBB reviews
On BBB, the average review rating is 1.5 out of 5. Customers complain about difficulty canceling subscriptions.
Pros & consBonafide claims that one daily Clairvee pill over 15 days can reduce:
A single box of Clairvee costs $55 and each box contains 15 pills. Alternatively, the monthly plan costs $39 a month and the 3-month plan costs $35 a month.
Bonafide claims that Clairvee keeps the vaginal microbiome balanced month after month. This supports the vagina's natural defenses and helps to prevent symptoms from developing.
Clairvee uses live probiotic strains specific to the vaginal flora to target the cause of a person's symptoms.
The brand states that this product will suit people experiencing hormonal fluctuations associated with perimenopause or menopause. It may also help people who regularly experience vaginal discomfort, itching, or discharge.
A person cannot use their insurance to cover the cost of Bonafide's products. However, if a person has a HSA or FSA card, they should check with their insurance provider as to whether it can cover part or all of the cost.
BBB reviews
On BBB, the average review rating is 1.2 out of 5. However, there are just 5 reviews, meaning this set of reviews does not reflect the experiences of a wide range of people. These reviews feature complaints about problems with automatic shipping.
Pros & consMonistat is available in several U.S. Pharmacies and retail stores, including Walmart. It provides treatment options that include 1, 3, and 7 days' worth of doses.
This product comes as internal suppositories and external creams with applicators that help people place the yeast infection treatment in the right area. Some packs include additional topical itch medications to help ease symptoms.
Each applicator contains 200 milligrams (mg) of miconazole nitrate, a medication that treats fungal infections.
This product is most suited to people who currently have a yeast infection and would like to try multiple methods to treat it. However, the 1-day dose can be too potent for some people, adding to the irritation of the vulva. In these cases, the 3- or 7-day options may be more suitable.
Read our review of Monistat.
Pros & consFemiClear's 2-day yeast infection treatment includes two suppositories a person inserts into their vagina and an external anti-itch ointment for symptom relief.
The product contains calendula, tea tree oil, olive extract, beeswax, and olive oil to combat itching and discomfort.
The company recommends using this yeast infection treatment before bed or wearing a panty liner to ensure that it does not leak.
The FDA classes this product as an unapproved homeopathic treatment. It states it has not tested it for safety or efficacy. The FDA writes that it is not aware of scientific research that supports the effectiveness of homeopathic remedies.
This may best suit individuals who currently have a yeast infection and prefer to use organic ingredients. However, it is unsuitable for vegans because it contains beeswax.
Read our review of FemiClear.
Pros & consThe Killer by Love Wellness aims to prevent yeast infections from developing and claims to keep vaginal bacteria healthy.
The capsule contains boric acid, which may be effective in treating recurrent yeast infections that have not responded to antifungal treatments.
Learn more about using boric acid to treat yeast infections.
The brand recommends inserting this vaginal suppository once a day before bed for up to 14 days, as necessary. The brand also recommends the best times to use The Killer might be after sex, after a period, or when a person is experiencing symptoms of a pH imbalance.
The FDA classes this product as an unapproved homeopathic treatment. It states it has not tested it for safety or efficacy. The FDA writes it is not aware of scientific research that supports the effectiveness of homeopathic remedies.
The Killer is suitable for anyone who may be prone to vaginal yeast infections. Love Wellness does not recommend a person to have sexual intercourse while using this product.
Pros & consThis CVS Health treatment comes with seven doses of disposable internal applicators and external cream.
Each applicator contains 100 mg of miconazole nitrate. The manufacturer recommends people insert an applicator before going to bed. People dispose of the applicator immediately after use.
The treatment is available both in-store and online. It may best suit individuals who would prefer a product that works while they sleep. However, a person should not use this if a doctor has not yet given them a diagnosis of a yeast infection.
BBB reviews
On BBB, the average review rating is 1.11 out of 5. Customers complain about problems using gift cards, but others found the service effective for deals on products.
Pros & consSesame Care offers same-day online doctor visits for people with yeast infections, as well as many other health and medical issues.
A person can also book online to request an online doctor prescription or refill for yeast infection treatments.
Sesame offers a choice of physicians that a person can select to meet with online. Prices for a same-day video appointment start from $29 for members.
Joining Sesame Plus for $10.99 a month or $99 a year allows a person to save $10 on all telehealth and primary care visits and provides one free lab test worth $65 each year.
If a Sesame physician determines that a person needs a prescription for a yeast infection, Sesame sends the prescription directly to the person's pharmacy for collection the same day.
A person cannot combine Sesame Membership with their insurance or Medicare.
BBB reviews
On BBB, the average review rating is 3.95 out of 5. Customers left positive reviews about the level of patient care, but others complained about issues with refilling prescriptions.
Pros & consThe table below compares each of the products for price, ingredients, and more.
Vaginal yeast infection symptoms are often mild.
Signs that a person has a yeast infection can include:
If a person develops a severe infection, they may experience:
A person should contact a doctor if they experience any of these symptoms.
A yeast infection develops from an overgrowth of Candida, most commonly Candida albicans. Experts estimate around 70% of females will experience a Candida yeast infection at some point, and 8% will have recurrent infections.
The body can usually handle Candida without the fungus causing any problems. However, people with chronic conditions, such as diabetes and HIV, as well as people who have obesity or take antibiotics, are more likely to experience Candida overgrowth.
When the Candida fungus penetrates the mucosal lining of the vagina, it causes inflammation. This inflammation then leads to yeast infection symptoms such as thick discharge, itchiness, and swelling.
Doctors typically recommend OTC antifungal medications to treat a vaginal yeast infection.
Treatments may come as one single dose or a daily dose over several days. A person can read the dosing instructions carefully to ensure they use the correct dosage.
Some of the products in this article are classed as homeopathic treatments. There are no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved homeopathic products. This means any product sold in the United States and marketed as homeopathic is not FDA approved, and the FDA has not tested it for safety or effectiveness.
What is the 3 day OTC yeast infection treatment?Monistat is a popular 3-day OTC yeast infection treatment option. There are also several other 3-day OTC yeast infection treatments that include miconazole, an ingredient that can help reduce yeast infection symptoms quickly.
Monistat is a popular 3-day OTC yeast infection treatment option. There are also several other 3-day OTC yeast infection treatments that include miconazole, an ingredient that can help reduce yeast infection symptoms quickly.
Is Monistat 1 or 3 better?According to Monistat, all of its miconazole yeast infection treatments are just as effective as each other, regardless of whether a person buys the 1-, 3-, or 7-day treatment.
According to Monistat, all of its miconazole yeast infection treatments are just as effective as each other, regardless of whether a person buys the 1-, 3-, or 7-day treatment.
What is the fastest way to get rid of a yeast infection?The fastest way to eliminate a yeast infection is to use an antifungal medication on the skin or inside the vagina. People can also get oral pill treatments for yeast infections.
The fastest way to eliminate a yeast infection is to use an antifungal medication on the skin or inside the vagina. People can also get oral pill treatments for yeast infections.
Can a yeast infection go away on its own?A mild yeast infection may go away by itself. However, this is unlikely.
People can only effectively treat fungus overgrowth with prescription antifungals or certain OTC treatments, such as suppositories containing boric acid.
A mild yeast infection may go away by itself. However, this is unlikely.
People can only effectively treat fungus overgrowth with prescription antifungals or certain OTC treatments, such as suppositories containing boric acid.
How can I get rid of a yeast infection without going to a doctor?A person may be able to get rid of a yeast infection without going to a doctor by trying over-the-counter products or alternative therapies.
Some treatments people try at home include over-the-counter antifungal treatments, boric acid, tea tree oil, probiotic supplements, natural yogurt, coconut oil, garlic, and oregano oil.
However, it is important to exercise caution when trying at-home treatments or alternative therapies. People should always speak with a doctor before trying these remedies.
A person may be able to get rid of a yeast infection without going to a doctor by trying over-the-counter products or alternative therapies.
Some treatments people try at home include over-the-counter antifungal treatments, boric acid, tea tree oil, probiotic supplements, natural yogurt, coconut oil, garlic, and oregano oil.
However, it is important to exercise caution when trying at-home treatments or alternative therapies. People should always speak with a doctor before trying these remedies.
Yeast infections are often mild. A person can typically treat them using OTC medications. Medications come in different forms and doses, so it is important to follow the instructions on the package.
A person should not self-diagnose a yeast infection. Many symptoms are similar to those of other illnesses and conditions.
Once a doctor diagnoses the infection and a person treats it, they should notice symptom improvement.
Experiencing Vaginal Infections? Expert Lists Things To Avoid To Prevent The Infection From Getting Worse
Most women may get a vaginal infection at some point in their lives. These infections can be uncomfortable, irritating, and at times, downright painful. It can be caused due to various factors, such as yeast infections and bacterial infections, leading to abnormal vaginal discharge, burning and odour. We spoke to our expert Dr Karthika Reddy Byreddy, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad, who listed tips to prevent vaginal infection from getting worse.
According to the Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), vaginal yeast infections, also known as yeast vaginitis or vulvovaginal candidiasis, manifest with symptoms, such as white vaginal discharge, localised itching, burning sensations, soreness, and discomfort during sexual intercourse and urination.
According to the Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG), common indicators of a vaginal yeast infection include itching, discomfort characterised by a burning sensation, and pain. The vaginal membranes may appear red and exhibit a whitish coating. Symptoms might intensify in the days leading up to menstruation. If the inflammation extends to the external genital area, the labia may also become red and swollen.
Also Read: How To Prevent Vaginal Infection During Monsoons? Doctor Answers
Choose Breathable FabricsYou should avoid tight-fitting undergarments and clothes, as they can lead to a warm and moist environment that allows the infection to overgrow. Instead, opt for breathable cotton underwear and loose-fitting clothing to promote airflow and reduce moisture around the vaginal area.
"You should avoid douching as it removes the healthy bacteria that protect you from infection. The chemicals in douches will upset the PH balance in the vagina, leading to an overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria. The vagina is a self-cleaning organ, so douches are unnecessary to do", highlighted Dr Byreddy.
Avoid IrritantsYou should not use products that contain scented ingredients, such as bubble baths, pads, and tampons, which can disrupt the healthy balance of bacteria in the vaginal area. Hence, look for unscented, hypoallergenic products to minimise irritation and inflammation.
Also Read: Diabetes Can Cause Vaginal Yeast Infections: Expert Explains Causes, Treatment, & Preventive Measures
Limit Antibiotic UseDr Byreddy added, "Avoid unnecessary usage of antibiotics as they change the normal balance of vaginal organisms. Also, always take antibiotics as prescribed by your healthcare provider, and if possible, discuss probiotic supplements to help maintain a healthy vaginal microbiome."
Practice Safe SexUnprotected sexual activity can introduce harmful bacteria or Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) into the vagina, increasing the risk of developing or worsening a vaginal infection. Use condoms consistently and correctly, and consider limiting sexual partners to reduce the risk of infection transmission.
According to the Journal of Medicine and Life, 53% of women experiencing vaginal infections also report sexual dysfunction. Recent research indicates a prevalence of vaginal infections among reproductive-aged children ranging from 13.4-21%.
Practise Good HygieneYou should maintain personal hygiene to worsen vaginal infections. Don't sit in wet clothes, such as swimsuits and workout gear for an extended period. Also, avoid undergarments made of nylon that trap moisture, instead use breathable fabric like cotton.
Apart from this, always wipe from front to back after using the bathroom to avoid transferring bacteria from the anus to the vagina. Also, wash the genital area with mild, unscented soap and water.
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by an expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your expert if you face any health issues to get the necessary treatment.]
DisclaimerAll possible measures have been taken to ensure accuracy, reliability, timeliness and authenticity of the information; however Onlymyhealth.Com does not take any liability for the same. Using any information provided by the website is solely at the viewers' discretion. In case of any medical exigencies/ persistent health issues, we advise you to seek a qualified medical practitioner before putting to use any advice/tips given by our team or any third party in form of answers/comments on the above mentioned website.
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