TDAP vaccine: When to get it, side effects, and safety
Retinal Detachment
Detached retina means lifting away of the retina from the back of the eye. The retina is a sensitive tissue made up of nerve cells called rods and cones. The retina is present in the backside of our eye and is the innermost layer of the eyewall. Nerve cells of the retina detect the light, shape, pattern and colour. Then it sends a signal to our brain what our eye sees. The retina is supported by a jelly-like transparent fluid known as vitreous. Retinal detachment occurs suddenly or spontaneously. When retinal detachment occurs, the retina does not function well and can blur vision or total vision loss. Retinal detachment is a matter of deep concern as it is a serious problem. If it is ignored, one can lose his/her eye permanently. When you get any sign of retinal detachment, you should consult an ophthalmologist as soon as possible.
TypesThere are three types of retinal detachment:
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: It is the most common type of retinal detachment that can happen due to a break or small tear in your retina. The most common reason for this type of detachment is ageing.
Tractional retinal detachment: This type of detachment happens due to scar tissues. Holes or tears are not present in this type of retinal detachment.
Exudative retinal detachment: This type happens on the building up of fluid behind the retina.
SymptomsBelow are the symptoms of retinal detachment:
Below are the causes of retinal detachment:
Below are the risk factors that increase the chances of retinal detachment:
As retinal detachment frequently occurs due to aging, this is unfortunate that in most cases, retinal detachment is not preventable. But by following the suggestions given below, you can keep a check on your eye health and lower the risk of retinal detachment:
To diagnose retinal detachment, your ophthalmologist will examine your eyes and ask questions about the symptoms you have. Thereafter, the ophthalmologist uses eye drops to widen your eye, which allows him to examine it closely. These examinations do not hurt you. Other tests may also be recommended after the dilation examination.
If you have retinal detachment symptoms, your doctor will use an ophthalmoscope, a lighted magnifying tool, to examine your retina. With the procedure, your doctor can see tears, holes, or retinal detachment.
When someone suspects any of the symptoms of retinal detachment, it is necessary to visit an ophthalmologist right away. When retinal detachment remains untreated, one can lose his eye. The treatment option for the retinal detachment is reattachment of the retina. Surgical procedures are the only treatment option to reattach the retina. There are many methods to perform surgery, like using gas bubbles, lasers, or freezing probes to reattach the retina and seal tears in the retina. The following are some of the methods
Prognosis:
The rate of success of the surgery is very high. Out of 10, nine retinas are attached successfully.
Complications:
Below are the complications that can be resulted from retinal detachment:
Here are three valuable tips for the elderly living with retinal diseases.
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Top 4 culprits behind visual impairmentNature may have a surprise cure for people living with blindness, finds a new study. However, you need to know about the most common culprits behind visual impairment to avoid it altogether.
4 month old gets a vision at hospital after facing major complicationsShe inherited this disease from her mother, who herself was a survivor of this eye cancer a form of Retinoblastoma, but unfortunately lost her vision to the disease.
World No Tobacco Day 2018: How smoking harms your visionSmoking has been linked directly to two leading causes of vision loss, macular degeneration, and cataract.
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Blurred vision may indicate retinal disease, says studyAmong the various retinal disorders, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME) are the major types that account for about 8.7 per cent and 4.8 per cent of blindness in the world respectively.
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What you don't know about retinal detachment could make you go blind!Eye care experts spread awareness about retinal detachment on the occasion of World Retina Week.
Ophthalmologists Reveal What You Need To Know Before Cataract Surgery
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Cataract surgery is one of the most popular and commonly performed procedures in the world. The vast majority of patients have excellent outcomes with few complications.
As ophthalmologists who have performed thousands of these procedures, we know that many patients have misconceptions about both cataracts and the surgery. For example, some think a cataract is a growth on the eye's surface.
We like to compare a cataract with the frosted glass of a bathroom window, where light can be transmitted but details cannot. Or when turbulence from a storm causes normally clear water in the ocean to become murky. In much the same way, the eye's once transparent lens becomes cloudy.
After surgery, there's no bending, inversions, lifting or straining, high-impact activities or eye makeup for one to two weeks or until the doctor says it's OK. About the surgeryCataract surgery removes the clouded lens of the eye and replaces it with a new, clear lens to restore your vision. Most patients report the procedure is painless.
It's typically an elective surgery that is performed on an outpatient basis. The patient is often awake, under local anesthesia, with sedation similar to that used for dental procedures. We like to say patients receive the equivalent of three margaritas in their IV.
Numbing drops are then applied to the eye's surface, along with an anesthetic inside the eye. Patients with claustrophobia, or movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease, may not be suitable candidates for awake surgeries and require general anesthesia.
Before surgery, patients receive dilating drops to make the pupil as large as possible. The surgeon makes a tiny incision, usually with a small pointed scalpel, between the clear and white part of the eye to gain access to the lens capsule, a thin membrane similar in thickness to a plastic produce bag at the grocery store.
This capsule is suspended by small fibers called zonules, which are arranged like the springs that suspend a trampoline from a frame. The surgeon then creates a small opening in the capsule, called a capsulotomy, to gain access to the cataract. The cataract is then broken into smaller parts so they are removable through the small incision.
This is similar to a tiny jackhammer, breaking the large lens into smaller pieces for removal. That sounds scary, but it's painless. Ultrasound emulsifies the lens and vacuum power then aspirates it from the eye.
Laser-assisted cataract surgery has been found to have similar outcomes to traditional cataract surgery.
Complications are rareSerious complications, such as postoperative infection, bleeding in the eye or a postoperative retinal detachment are rare; they occur in approximately 1 in 1,000 cases. But even in many of these situations, appropriate management can salvage useful vision.
Capsular complications deserve additional discussion. According to some studies, they occur in up to 2% of cases. If a hole or tear of the posterior capsule is encountered during cataract surgery, the clear gel in the vitreous – the back chamber of the eye – may be displaced into the front chamber of the eye.
If that happens, the gel must be removed at the time of the cataract surgery. This will reduce the likelihood of additional postoperative complications, but those who have the procedure, known as a vitrectomy, have an increased risk for additional complications, including postoperative infections and postoperative swelling.
After the surgeryPatients usually go home right after the procedure. Most surgery centers require that the patient have someone drive them home, more for the anesthesia rather than the surgery. Patients begin applying postoperative drops that same day and must wear an eye shield at bedtime for a few weeks after surgery.
Patients should keep the eye clean and avoid exposure to dust, debris and water. They should try not to bend over and should avoid heavy lifting or straining in the first week or so after surgery. Lifting or straining can cause a surge of blood pressure to the face and eye. Known as a choroidal hemorrhage, it can lead to bleeding into the wall of the eye and be devastating to vision.
Things that cause only moderate increases in heart rate such as walking are OK. Routine postoperative examinations are usually completed the day after surgery, about a week after surgery and about a month after surgery.
Light and UV exposure, coupled with time, causes the lens of the eye to become increasingly cloudy. A choice of lensThe plastic lens used to replace the cataract, or intraocular lens, requires careful sizing for optimal results and a nuanced discussion between patient and surgeon.
Early intraocular lens technologies were monofocal, and most patients with these lenses chose distance correction and used reading glasses for near tasks. This is still the preferred approach for approximately 90% of patients having cataract surgery today.
Recent advances have led to intraocular lenses that offer multifocality – the opportunity to have near as well as distance vision, without glasses. Some multifocal lenses are even in the trifocal category, which includes distance, near, and intermediate vision, the latter of which in recent years has become very important for computer and phone use.
Most patients with these advanced technology multifocal lenses are happy with them. However, a small percentage of patients with multifocal lenses can be so bothered by visual disturbances – notably night glare and halos around light sources in the dark – that they request removal of the multifocal lens to exchange it for a standard intraocular lens. These exchanges are a reasonable option for such situations and offer relief for most affected patients.
Determining who's an ideal candidate for a multifocal intraocular lens is an area of active research. Most clinicians would recommend against such a lens for a patient with a detail-oriented personality. Such patients tend to fixate on the shortcomings of these lenses despite their potential advantages.
As with many technologies, current generation advanced technology intraocular lenses are much better than their predecessors. Future offerings are likely to offer improved vision and fewer side effects than those available today.
But these newer lenses are often not reimbursed by insurance companies and often entail substantial out-of-pocket costs for patients.
Deciding on what type of lens is best for you can be complicated. Fortunately, except in unusual circumstances, such as when a cataract develops after trauma to the eye, there is seldom a hurry for adult cataract surgery.
Are You One Of The Millions About To Have Cataract Surgery? Here's What Ophthalmologists Say You Need To Know
(MENAFN- The Conversation) Cataract surgery is one of the most popular and commonly performed procedures in the world. The vast majority of patients have excellent outcomes with few complications.
Here are the numbers:
As ophthalmologists who have performed thousands of these procedures , we know that many patients have misconceptions about both cataracts and the surgery. For example, some think a cataract is a growth on the eye's surface.
We like to compare a cataract with the frosted glass of a bathroom window, where light can be transmitted but details cannot. Or when turbulence from a storm causes normally clear water in the ocean to become murky. In much the same way, the eye's once transparent lens becomes cloudy.
After surgery, there's no bending, inversions, lifting or straining, high-impact activities or eye makeup for one to two weeks or until the doctor says it's OK. About the surgeryCataract surgery removes the clouded lens of the eye and replaces it with a new, clear lens to restore your vision. Most patients report the procedure is painless.
It's typically an elective surgery that is performed on an outpatient basis. The patient is often awake, under local anesthesia, with sedation similar to that used for dental procedures. We like to say patients receive the equivalent of three margaritas in their IV.
Numbing drops are then applied to the eye's surface, along with an anesthetic inside the eye. Patients with claustrophobia, or movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease, may not be suitable candidates for awake surgeries and require general anesthesia.
Before surgery, patients receive dilating drops to make the pupil as large as possible. The surgeon makes a tiny incision, usually with a small pointed scalpel, between the clear and white part of the eye to gain access to the lens capsule , a thin membrane similar in thickness to a plastic produce bag at the grocery store.
This capsule is suspended by small fibers called zonules , which are arranged like the springs that suspend a trampoline from a frame. The surgeon then creates a small opening in the capsule, called a capsulotomy, to gain access to the cataract. The cataract is then broken into smaller parts so they are removable through the small incision.
This is similar to a tiny jackhammer, breaking the large lens into smaller pieces for removal. That sounds scary, but it's painless. Ultrasound emulsifies the lens and vacuum power then aspirates it from the eye.
Laser-assisted cataract surgery has been found to have similar outcomes to traditional cataract surgery.
Complications are rareSerious complications, such as postoperative infection, bleeding in the eye or a postoperative retinal detachment are rare; they occur in approximately 1 in 1,000 cases. But even in many of these situations, appropriate management can salvage useful vision .
Capsular complications deserve additional discussion. According to some studies, they occur in up to 2% of cases . If a hole or tear of the posterior capsule is encountered during cataract surgery, the clear gel in the vitreous – the back chamber of the eye – may be displaced into the front chamber of the eye.
If that happens, the gel must be removed at the time of the cataract surgery. This will reduce the likelihood of additional postoperative complications, but those who have the procedure, known as a vitrectomy , have an increased risk for additional complications, including postoperative infections and postoperative swelling.
After the surgeryPatients usually go home right after the procedure. Most surgery centers require that the patient have someone drive them home, more for the anesthesia rather than the surgery. Patients begin applying postoperative drops that same day and must wear an eye shield at bedtime for a few weeks after surgery.
Patients should keep the eye clean and avoid exposure to dust, debris and water. They should try not to bend over and should avoid heavy lifting or straining in the first week or so after surgery. Lifting or straining can cause a surge of blood pressure to the face and eye. Known as a choroidal hemorrhage , it can lead to bleeding into the wall of the eye and be devastating to vision.
Things that cause only moderate increases in heart rate such as walking are OK. Routine postoperative examinations are usually completed the day after surgery, about a week after surgery and about a month after surgery.
Light and UV exposure, coupled with time, causes the lens of the eye to become increasingly cloudy. A choice of lensThe plastic lens used to replace the cataract, or intraocular lens , requires careful sizing for optimal results and a nuanced discussion between patient and surgeon.
Early intraocular lens technologies were monofocal , and most patients with these lenses chose distance correction and used reading glasses for near tasks. This is still the preferred approach for approximately 90% of patients having cataract surgery today.
Recent advances have led to intraocular lenses that offer multifocality – the opportunity to have near as well as distance vision, without glasses. Some multifocal lenses are even in the trifocal category, which includes distance, near, and intermediate vision, the latter of which in recent years has become very important for computer and phone use.
Most patients with these advanced technology multifocal lenses are happy with them . However, a small percentage of patients with multifocal lenses can be so bothered by visual disturbances – notably night glare and halos around light sources in the dark – that they request removal of the multifocal lens to exchange it for a standard intraocular lens. These exchanges are a reasonable option for such situations and offer relief for most affected patients.
Determining who's an ideal candidate for a multifocal intraocular lens is an area of active research. Most clinicians would recommend against such a lens for a patient with a detail-oriented personality. Such patients tend to fixate on the shortcomings of these lenses despite their potential advantages.
As with many technologies, current generation advanced technology intraocular lenses are much better than their predecessors. Future offerings are likely to offer improved vision and fewer side effects than those available today.
But these newer lenses are often not reimbursed by insurance companies and often entail substantial out-of-pocket costs for patients.
Deciding on what type of lens is best for you can be complicated. Fortunately, except in unusual circumstances, such as when a cataract develops after trauma to the eye, there is seldom a hurry for adult cataract surgery.
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