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Showing posts from January, 2025

A guide to vaccinology: from basic principles to new developments

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dengue internal bleeding :: Article Creator What Is Dengue Fever? Where did dengue originate? The origin of dengue is unclear, but scientists have recently proposed that dengue originated in Asian forests in an infectious cycle involving mosquitoes and primates. As early as 992, a dengue-like outbreak in humans was recorded in a Chinese medical encyclopedia. Epidemics of dengue-like illnesses were reported in the French West Indies in 1635 and in Panama in 1699. In 1771, Dr. Jose Sabater, a physician at the military hospital in San Juan, Puerto Rico, recommended treating dengue with small quantities of rum. At the time, the disease was called "break-bone fever." Where did this name come from? As you might guess, patients with the disease experienced a high fever accompanied by such severe bone and joint pains that they felt their bones were breaking. In 1780, Dr. Benjamin Rush recorded an epidemic of the disease later known as dengue i...

Impact of Vaccines; Health, Economic and Social Perspectives

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graves disease symptoms :: Article Creator Graves Disease You can lose weight due to diabetes or hyperthyroidism. But drastic weight loss coupled with excessive sweating and hair loss can also be due to Graves' disease. It is an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland leading to overproduction of the thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) leading to hyperthyroidism. Our expert Dr. Girish Parmar, Consultant Endocrinologist and Metabolic Physician, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai explains in detail about everything you should know about this disease. What is Graves disease? In this condition, autoimmune antibodies are produced in the body which are similar to endogenous TSH (thyroid stimulating hormones) released from the brain. As these abnormal proteins are similar to the TSH hormone, they stimulate the thyroid gland. This in turn causes overproduction of T3 and T4 hormones leading to hyperthyroidism. Symptoms As bloo...

School Vaccine Mandates

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only fever no other symptoms :: Article Creator Flu Symptoms To Watch Out For As Winter Illnesses Surge As we slowly trudge through winter, respiratory illnesses like COVID-19 and the flu are surging across the country. For the week ending January 4, 18.6 percent of influenza tests came back positive, with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) the most predominant variants during this period, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). "Nationally, emergency department visits are high for diagnosed influenza," the CDC said. "Five influenza-associated deaths occurring during the 2024-2025 season were reported this week for a total of 16 deaths this season." A stock image shows a woman with the flu, along with viruses in the inset image. Flu symptoms can include fevers, coughs, headaches and body chills. A stock image shows a woman with the flu, along with viruses in the inset image. Flu symptoms ca...

Vaccines and Antivirals: Grand Challenges and Great Opportunities

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do bats carry ebola :: Article Creator Why Do Bats Play Host To So Many Viruses? Credit: Shutterstock Bats can play host to many viruses, genomic analyses are starting to uncover why Bats harbor many viruses that can spill over into humans, including Marburg, Ebola, and famously SARS-CoV-2. But while these viruses often cause severe illness in humans, they do not appear to hamper bats. A new study offers a clue to why bats can tolerate so many viruses that can be fatal to humans. Researchers led by Michael Hiller at the LOEWE Centre for Translational and Biodiversity Genomics and Aaron T. Irving at Zhejiang University found that bats have more immune system modifications compared with other mammals. (Nature 2025, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08471-0). The researchers performed comprehensive genome sequencing on 10 bat species that are known reservoirs of zoonotic viruses. Comparing the sequences with those of 115 other mammal specie...

Global immunization efforts have saved at least 154 million lives over the past 50 years

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flu difficulty breathing :: Article Creator Experts Warn About The New H5N9 Bird Flu Affecting California: How Is It Different From H5N1? A strain H5N9 of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), commonly called bird flu, has been detected for the first time in US poultry. The World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) said on Monday that US authorities at the Department of Agriculture also detected the more common H5N1 strain the same duck farm in Merced County, California. Nearly 119,000 birds had been culled by December 2 to control the spread of bird flu which has been spreading around the globe in recent years. So far, hundreds of millions of poultry including chickens and turkeys have been culled leading to a shortage of eggs in the United States. The disease has also infected to dozens of mammals, including dairy cows and pets in the United States as resulted in 67 confirmed infections in humans and associated with one death according t...

Vaccines and Antivirals: Grand Challenges and Great Opportunities

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ebola treatment :: Article Creator Nine Dead Of Ebola-like 'eye-bleeding Disease' With Mortality Rate Of 90% In Fresh Outbreak Triggering 'pandemic Fears' NINE people have died in an outbreak of an eye-bleeding disease in Tanzania, Africa's health agency has announced. This exceeds the eight suspected deaths reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) earlier this month, which had warned that "more cases" were likely to be identified. 4 Ten people have tested positive for Marburg in Tanzania, of which nine have diedCredit: AP 4 Tanzania's President, Samia Suluhu Hassan announced the outbreak during a press briefing with WHO Director-General, Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.Credit: Rex Since the country officially announced the outbreak last week, ten people have tested positive for Marburg virus, a highly infectious disease similar to Ebola. Of these, nine have died – reflecting the virus...

Impact of Vaccines; Health, Economic and Social Perspectives

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polio disease :: Article Creator As Polio Survivors Watch Kennedy Confirmation, All Eyes Are On McConnell Their numbers are dwindling now, the faded yellow newspaper clippings reporting their childhood trips to the hospital tucked away in family scrapbooks. Iron lungs, the coffin-like cabinet respirators that kept many of them alive, are a thing of the past, relegated to history books and museums. Some feel the world has forgotten them. Now the nation's polio survivors are reliving their painful memories as they watch events in Washington, where the Senate will soon consider the nomination of Robert F. Kennedy Jr., a fierce critic of vaccines, to be the nation's next health secretary. And they are keeping a close eye on one of their own: Senator Mitch McConnell, the former Republican leader. It has been nearly 70 years since Dr. Jonas Salk's polio vaccine was pronounced "80 to 90 percent effective" against the paralytic form of t...

A guide to vaccinology: from basic principles to new developments

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flu deaths per year :: Article Creator How Deadly Is Bird Flu In Humans? What We Know As US Confirms First Death Amid an ongoing outbreak of bird flu among poultry and dairy cattle across the United States, the country has recorded its first human death due the virus known as avian influenza A or H5N1. On Jan. 6, state health officials confirmed that a person in Louisiana died after being hospitalized with a severe case of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) bird flu, according to a release from the Louisiana Department of Health. The patient contracted the virus after coming into contact with non-commercial backyard flocks and wild birds, officials said. It was the first human case of bird flu linked this type of exposure and the first instance of severe illness in a human caused by H5N1 in the U.S. Since 2024, there have been 67 human cases of H5N1 confirmed in the U.S, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Preventio...