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nmosd :: Article Creator NMOSD: What Are The Effects Of Comorbidities On Relapse Rates? Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system marked by recurring episodes of optic neuritis and transverse myelitis.1 Rare and chronic, its prevalence is estimated to be between 0.037 and 10 per 100,000 individuals, varying by geographic region and population.2 NMOSD often involves antibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4), the main water-channel protein in the brain, a finding that sets it apart from multiple sclerosis (MS).2 The Bottom Line Malignancies and autoimmune diseases do not significantly increase the annualized relapse rate in NMOSD patients within 3 years post-diagnosis. NMOSD patients, however, have a nearly 6 times greater relative risk of developing malignancies than the general population. Regular screening for malignancies in NMOSD patients, particularly in middle-aged